Bali island paradise

Bali is an island in Indonesia, once a province of Indonesia. Bali lies between Java and Lombok Island. Denpasar is the provincial capital, located in the south of the island. The majority of Balinese are Hindu. In the world famous Bali as a tourist destination with a unique variety of art-culture, especially for the Japanese and Australian tourists. Bali is also known as the Island of the Gods.

Geography
Bali Island is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands along the 153 km and 112 km wide around 3.2 km from the island of Java. Astronomically, Bali is located at 8 ° 25'23 "south latitude and 115 ° 14'55" East Latitude tropical mebuatnya like other parts of Indonesia.
Mount Agung is the highest point in Bali as high as 3148 m. The volcano last erupted in March 1963. Mount Batur is also one of the mountain in Bali. About 30,000 years ago, Mount Batur erupted and produced a terrible disaster on earth. Unlike in the north, the southern part of Bali is irrigated lowland rivers.
The capital of Bali is Denpasar. Other important places are Ubud as the art center is located in Gianyar regency, while Kuta, Sanur, Seminyak, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua are some places become tourist destinations, both coastal and resort tourism.
History
The first inhabitants of the island of Bali is expected to come in 3000-2500 BCE who migrated from Asia. Relics of the stone tools were found in the village Cekik located in the western part of the island. Prehistoric times and then ended with the arrival of the Hindus of India in 100 BC. Balinese culture and then got a strong influence of Indian culture, the process is more rapid after the 1st century AD. Name Balidwipa (Bali Island) began to be found in various inscriptions, including inscriptions Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentions the word Walidwipa.
It is estimated that around this time that Subak irrigation system for cultivation of rice began to be developed. Some religious traditions and culture also began to develop at that time. Kingdom of Majapahit (1293-1500 AD) is a Hindu and centered on the island of Java, had set up a subordinate kingdom in Bali around the year 1343 AD It was almost the entire archipelago are Hindus, but as the coming of Islam stood the Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, among others, led to the collapse of Majapahit. Many of the nobility, clergy, artists, and other Hindu community when it withdrew from the island of Java to Bali.
Europeans first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman from the Netherlands in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had previously been stranded near Cape Mount, Jimbaran, in 1585. Dutch East India Company began to implement through its colonization in the land of Bali, but continue to get resistance, so until the end of the power of their position in Bali is not as solid as their position in the Java or the Moluccas.

 Starting from the northern region of Bali, since the 1840s the Netherlands has become a permanent presence, which was originally done by pit-sheep various rulers of Bali which are not mutually trust each other. Dutch major attack by land and sea against the Sanur area, and followed by the Denpasar area.
Bali party who lost in numbers and weaponry do not want to experience shame to give up, thus causing the war to the death or bellows, which involves all the people both men and women, including a king. An estimated 4,000 people were killed in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Furthermore, the Dutch governors who ruled only a few influences on the island, so that local control of religion and culture generally unchanged. Japan occupied Bali during World War II, and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali forming forces 'freedom fighters'.
Following Japan's surrender in the Pacific in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish its colonial rule as a state before the war. This was opposed by the forces of resistance Bali who was using Japanese weapons.
On 20 November 1940, fighting broke out Puputan Margarana that occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan, Bali middle. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, who was 29 years old, led his army from the territory east of Bali to launch an attack to death on the Dutch troops are armed. All members of the battalion of the Bali killed everything, and make it as the last Balinese military resistance. In 1946 the Dutch made Bali as one of 13 areas part of the new State of East Indonesia was proclaimed, named as one of the rivals for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized the independence of Indonesia on December 29, 1949. In 1950 Bali officially leave perserikatannya with the Dutch and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
The eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, had shaken the people's economy and caused many of the Balinese transmigrate into other areas in Indonesia.
In 1965, along with the failure by the G30S coup against the national government in Jakarta, Bali and many other areas there was a crackdown against members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia. In Bali, it is estimated more than 100,000 people were killed or disappeared. Nevertheless, the events in the early days of the New Order until now has not managed to be disclosed by law. [1] Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002, attacks in the form of the 2002 Bali bombings in Kuta tourist area, causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others injured. Bali bomb attacks in 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach. These incidents received extensive international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists, and caused Bali's tourism industry faces severe challenges in recent years.

 Demography
Bali residents about a number of 4 million, with 92.3% majority Hindu religion. Other religions are Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, and Buddhism. Apart from tourism, the Balinese are also living from agriculture and fisheries. Some also choose to become artists. The language used in Bali is Indonesian, Balinese, and the UK especially for those who work in tourism. Balinese and Indonesian is the language most widely used in Bali, Indonesia, and as other people, most of the Balinese people are bilingual or even trilingual. Although there are several dialects in the language of Bali, the Balinese people generally use a form of Balinese language intercourse as an option in communication.
Traditionally, the use of various dialects of the Balinese language is determined based on the color system of chess in the Hindu Dharma, although implementation of these traditions tend to decrease.
English is the third language (and the primary foreign language) for many of the people of Bali, which is influenced by the needs of the tourism industry. Employees who work at tourist information centers in Bali, often also understand some of the foreign language competence is sufficient.

 General Transportation
On the island of Bali, there are no railroads, but the road network is already available, especially to areas of tourist destination. Most residents have private vehicles and choose to use it because the public transport route is not available with either except taxis. Kedaraan types common in Bali, among others: 1. Gig (Vehicles using horses as a tool puller) 2. Motorcycle taxi (Commercial Vehicles on a motorbike) 3. Bemo (Commercial Vehicle type microbus) 4. Bemo in town 5. Bemo out of town (with larger type) 6. Taxi 7. Buses between cities or counties. 8. Buses outside the island.


 And from
Between Bali and Java, available services through the port Gilimanuk sea crossings to Ketapang using the ferry that takes between 30 to 45 minutes. Likewise with the crossing between the island of Bali and Lombok, crossing the sea via the port of Padang Bay to sheet takes about 4 hours.
For air transport is served by the Ngurah Rai International Airport. Runway and the aircraft coming and going can be seen clearly from the beach.  




Culture

 Music
 
  A set of Balinese gamelan.
 
Balinese traditional music has in common with traditional music in many other areas in Indonesia, for example in the use of gamelan and a variety of other percussion instruments. Nevertheless, there are peculiarities in the technique to play and gubahannya, for example in the form kecak, ie a form of singing that supposedly mimic the sound of monkeys. Similarly, a variety of gamelan are played even unique, for example Jegog Gamelan, Gamelan Gong Gede, Gambang Gamelan, Gamelan Selunding, and Gamelan Semar Pegulingan. There is also music Angklung played for the cremation ceremony, as well as Bebonangan music played in a variety of other ceremonies.
There is a modern form of traditional music of Bali, for example Gamelan Gong Kebyar which is dance music that developed in the Dutch colonial period, and Joged tube which became popular in Bali since the era of the 1950s. Generally, Balinese music is a combination of various metal percussion instruments (metallophone), gongs, and wooden percussion (xylophone). Because social relations, politics and culture, traditional music of Bali or Balinese gamelan game influence or affect each other in the area surrounding culture, for example in the traditional music community as well as the traditional music community Banyuwangi Lombok. • Gamelan • Jegog • genggong • Silat Bali
Dance
Balinese dance in general can be categorized into three groups: the guardian or the art of sacred dance performances, bebali or dance performances for ceremonies and also for visitors, and balih-balihan or the art of dance for the entertainment of visitors. [2] Balinese dance expert I Made Bandem [3] at the beginning of the 1980s never classify the Balinese dances, among others who belong to the trustee for example Berutuk, Sang Hyang Dedari, Rejang and Baris Gede, bebali among others is Gambuh, Mask Pajegan, and Wayang Wong, whereas balih-balihan among others is the Legong, Parwa, Arja, Prembon and Joged, as well as various other modern dance choreography.
One of the dances are very popular for tourists is the Kecak Dance. Around the 1930's, Wayan Limbak worked with German painter Walter Spies to create Trance dance is based on tradition and part of the Ramayana story. Wayan Limbak popularizing this dance while traveling the world with his troupe of Balinese dancers.
 
  Young dancers were dancing grouse dance, contemporary choreography work Suasthi Bandem Ni Luh.
 
  Kecak Dance performances. 

 Dance guardian • Sang Hyang Dedari • Sang Hyang Jaran • Tari Rejang • Line Dance • Janger

 Dance bebali • Mask Dance • Gambuh

 Dance-balihan balih • Legong Dance • Arja • Joged tube • Drama Gong • Barong • Pendet • Kecak Dance • Candidates Charcoal

 Regional apparel Bali clothing is actually very varied, although it briefly appeared similar. Each area in Bali has a symbolic and ornamental characteristics, based on activities / rituals, sex and age of users. One's social and economic status can be determined based on the mode of dress and ornaments worn jewelry.

 Man
 
  Children wearing udeng Ubud, white shirt and cloth. Traditional clothing men generally consist of: • Udeng (headband) • Fabric hem • Umpal (shawl fastener) • Cloth wastra (tank top) • Belts • Keris • A variety of jewelry ornaments Are often worn dress shirts, suits, and footwear as a complement.

 Woman
 
  The dancers wore little bun, songket and prada fabric. Traditional women's clothing generally consists of: • bun (bun) • Sesenteng (tank songket) • Fabrics wastra • prada belt (Stagen), twisting the hips and chest • Shawl songket shoulders down • Fabrics tapih or sinjang, next to the • A variety of jewelry ornaments Often kebaya worn, the cloth covering the chest, and footwear as a complement.

 Food

 The main food
• Chicken betutu • Pig bolsters • billy goat • Be Kokak Mekuah • Be Pasih mesambel matah • Duck betutu • Berengkes • Grangasem • Jejeruk • Jukut Urab • Komoh • lawar • Rice Bubuh • Rice Tepeng • Penyon • Sate Kablet • Sate Lilit • Sate pins • Sate turtle • Sate Plugs • Timbungan • Tum • Order Tabanan


 Hawker
• Sago Bubuh • Bubuh Marrow • Bubuh Tuak • Jaja Batun Duren • Jaja Begina • Jaja Bendu • Jaja Bikang • Jaja Engol • Jaja Godoh • Squatting Jaja • Jaja Ketimus • Jaja Klepon • Jaja Lak-Lak • Jaja Sumping • Jaja Tain Buati • Jaja Uli mission Tape • Jaja Diamonds • Nuts Rahayu • Rojak Bulung • Kuah Rojak Pindang • Sweet Rojak • Rojak Tibah • Salak Bali


 Weapon
• Keris • Spear • Tiuk • Taji • Kandik • Caluk • sickle • Udud • Gelewang • Trisula • Arrows • Penampad • Garot • Tulud • Acts-Acts • Ruling • Beaver • Blakas • slicer

 Traditional House
Balinese homes in accordance with the rules of Asta Kosala Kosali (part of the Vedas that governs the layout of the room and building, as Feng Shui in Chinese Culture) According to the philosophy of the Balinese community, dynamic in life will be achieved if the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects Pawongan, Palemahan, and parahyangan. To that end, the construction of a house should include these aspects or the so-called Tri Hita Karana''''. Pawongan are the occupants of the house. Palemahan means there should be a good relationship between residents and the environment.
In general, building or area of ​​Bali's traditional architecture is always filled with ornaments, a carved, equipment and provision of color. Decorative contain a specific meaning as an expression of beauty simbolsimbol and delivery of communications. Decorative forms of fauna species also serve as symbols of ritual are displayed in the sculpture.